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Title:
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Elemental composition of natural nanoparticles and fine colloids in European forest stream waters and their role as phosphorus carriers
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Author:
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Gottselig, N.; Amelung, W.; Kirchner, J. W.; Bol, R.; Eugster, Werner; Granger, S. J.; Hernández-Crespo, C.; Herrmann, F.; Keizer, J. J.; Korkiakoski, M.; Laudon, H.; Lehner, I.; Löfgren, S.; Lohila, A.; Macleod, C. J. A.; Mölder, M.; Müller, C.; Nasta, P.; Nischwitz, V.; Paul-Limoges, E.; Pierret, M. C.; Pilegaard, K.; Romano, N.; Sebastià, Ma. T.; Stähli, M.; Voltz, M.; Vereecken, H.; Siemens, J.; Klumpp, E.
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Notes:
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Biogeochemical cycling of elements largely occurs in dissolved state, but many elements may also be bound to natural nanoparticles (NNP, 1-100 nm) and fine colloids (100-450 nm). We examined the hypothesis that the size and composition of stream water NNP and colloids vary systematically across Europe. To test this hypothesis, 96 stream water samples were simultaneously collected in 26 forested headwater catchments along two transects across Europe. Three size fractions (1-20 nm, >20-60 nm, >60 nm) of NNP and fine colloids were identified with Field Flow Fractionation coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass-spectrometry and an organic carbon detector. The results showed that NNP and fine colloids constituted between 2±5% (Si) and 53±21% (Fe; mean ± SD) of total element concentrations, indicating a substantial contribution of particles to element transport in these European streams, especially for P and Fe. The particulate contents of Fe, Al and organic C were correlated to their total element concentrations, but those of particulate Si, Mn, P and Ca were not. The fine colloidal fractions >60 nm were dominated by clay minerals across all sites. The resulting element patterns of NNP <60 nm changed from North to South Europe from Fe- to 108 Ca-dominated particles, along with associated changes in acidity, forest type and dominant lithology.
The authors gratefully acknowledge the
assistance of the following people in
locating suitable sampling sites, con-
tacting site operators, performing the
sampling, and providing data: A. Avila
Castells (Autono mous University of
Barcelona), R. Batalla (University of
Lleida), P. Blomkvist (Swedish University
of Agricultural Scien ces), H. Bogena
(Jülich Research Center), A.K. Boulet
(University of Aveiro), D. Estany
(University of Lleida ), F. Garnier (French
National Institute of Agricultural
Research), H.J. Hendricks-Franssen
(Research Center Jü lich), L. Jackson-
Blake (James Hutton Institute, NIVA),
T. Laurila (Finnish Meteorological
Institute), A. Lindroth (Lund University),
M.M. Monerris (Universitat Politècnica
de València), M. Ottosson Löfvenius
(Swedish University of Agricultural
Sciences), I. Taberman (Swedish
University of Agricultural Sciences),
F. Wendland (Research Center Jülich),
T. Zetterberg (Swedish University of
Agricultural Sciences and The Swedish
Environmental Research Institute, IVL)
and further unnamed contributors. The
Swedish Infrastructure for Ecosystem
Science (SITES) and the Swedish
Integrated Monitoring, the latter
financed by the Swedish Environmental
Protection Agency, and ICOS Sweden
have supported sampling and provided
data for the Swedish sites. J. J. K. grate-
fully acknowledges the support from
CESAM (UID/AMB/50017/ 2013), funded
by the FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC) with
cofunding by FEDER through COMPETE.
N. G. gratefully acknowledges all those
who contributed to organizing and
implementing the continental sam-
pling. The raw data can be found at
http://hdl.handle.net/2128/14937. This
project was partly funded by the
German Research Foundation (DFG KL
2495/1-1). |
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Subject(s):
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-Aigua--Química
-Hidrologia
-Cursos d'aigua
-Aigua--Contaminació |
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Rights:
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(c) American Geophysical Union, 2017
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Document type:
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Article
acceptedVersion |
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Published by:
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American Geophysical Union
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Share:
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