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Title:	Gender commonalities and differences in risk and protective factors of suicidal thoughts and behaviors: a cross-sectional study of Spanish university students
Author:	Miranda-Mendizábal, Andrea; Castellví Obiols, Pere; Alayo, Itxaso; Vilagut, Gemma; Blasco, Maria Jesús; Torrent, Aina; Ballester, Laura; Almenara, José; Lagares, Carolina; Roca, Miquel; Sesé, Albert; Piqueras, José Antonio; Soto-Sanz, Victoria; Rodríguez-Marín, Jesús; Echeburúa, Enrique; Gabilondo Cuéllar, Andrea; Cebrià, Ana Isabel; Bruffaerts, Ronny; Auerbach, Randy P.; Mortier, Philippe; Kessler, Ronald C.; Alonso, Jordi; UNIVERSAL Study Group
Notes:	AIM: To assess gender differences in the association between risk/protective factors and suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STB); and whether there is any gender-interaction with those factors and STB; among Spanish university students. METHODS: data from baseline online survey of UNIVERSAL project, a multicenter, observational study of first-year Spanish university students (18-24 years). We assessed STB; lifetime and 12-month negative life-events and family adversities; mental disorders; personal and community factors. Gender-specific regression models and gender-interactions were also analyzed. RESULTS: We included 2,105 students, 55.4% women. Twelve-month prevalence of suicidal ideation (SI) was 10%, plans 5.7%, attempts 0.6%. Statistically significant gender-interactions were found for lifetime anxiety disorder, hopelessness, violence between parents, chronic health conditions and family support. Lifetime mood disorder was a common risk factor of SI for both genders (Females: OR= 5.5; 95%CI 3.3-9.3; Males: OR= 4.4; 95%CI 2.0-9.7). For females, exposure to violence between parents (OR= 3.5; 95%CI 1.7-7.2), anxiety disorder (OR= 2.7; 95%CI 1.6-4.6), and alcohol/substance disorder (OR= 2.1; 95%CI 1.1-4.3); and for males, physical childhood maltreatment (OR= 3.6; 95%CI 1.4-9.2), deceased parents (OR= 4.6; 95%CI 1.2-17.7), and hopelessness (OR= 7.7; 95%CI 2.8-21.2), increased SI risk. Family support (OR= 0.5; 95%CI 0.2-0.9) and peers/others support (OR= 0.4; 95%CI 0.2-0.8) were associated to a lower SI risk only among females. CONCLUSIONS: Only mood disorder was a common risk factor of SI for both genders, whereas important gender-differences were observed regarding the other factors assessed. The protective effect from family and peers/others support was observed only among females. Further research assessing underlying mechanisms and pathways of gender-differences is needed.
Subject(s):	-Depressió -Trastorns d'ansietat -Ansietat -Gènere -Trastorns de l'estat d'ànim -Suïcidi -Autolesió -Depresión -Ansiedad -Trastornos de ansiedad -Género -Trastornos del estado de ánimo -Suicidio -Autolesión -Depression -Anxiety -Anxiety disorders -Gender -Mood disorders -Suicide -Self-harm -159.9 -61
Rights:	This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Miranda-Mendizabal A, Castellví P, Alayo , Vilagut G, Blasco MJ, Torrent A. et al. Gender commonalities and differences in risk and protective factors of suicidal thoughts and behaviors: A cross-sectional study of Spanish university students. Depress Anxiety. 2019 Nov;36(11):1102-1114, which has been published in final form at http://dx.doi.org/DOI 10.1002/da.22960. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions.
Document type:	Article Article - Accepted version
Published by:	Wiley
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