Microbial source tracking (MST) concerns the definition of new indicators and appropriate detection methods, the identification of host-specific indicators of fecal pollution, and ultimately the development of useful and reliable predictive models for practical deployment. Optimal predictive models should be designed using proper statistical and computational tools for the analysis of the available data samples. A further requirement is found in the determination of appropriate sets of predictors (indicators, tracers) for developing accurate and low-cost MST solutions. This chapter briefly reviews some of these modeling tools, and their use and feasibility in providing more accurate MST-based results. It also evaluates the potential of established and new algorithmic methods to the identification of fecal pollution sources.