Author:
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Calleja Conde, Javier; Echeverry Alzate, Víctor; Giné, Elena; Bühler, Kora Mareen; Nadal, Roser; Maldonado, Rafael, 1961-; Rodríguez de Fonseca, Fernando; Gual, Antoni; López Moreno, José A.
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Abstract:
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BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The opioid antagonist nalmefene (selincro®) was approved for alcohol-related disorders by the European Medicines Agency in 2013. However, there have been no studies regarding the effectiveness of nalmefene when alcohol is used in combination with cocaine.
EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: Using operant alcohol self-administration in Wistar rats and qRT-PCR, we evaluated (i) the dose-response curve for s.c. and p.o. nalmefene; (ii) the effects of nalmefene with increasing concentrations of alcohol; (iii) the efficacy of nalmefene on cocaine-potentiated alcohol responding; and (iv) the gene expression profiles of histone deacetylases (Hdac1-11) in peripheral blood in vivo and in the prefrontal cortex, heart, liver and kidney post mortem. KEY RESULTS: S.c. (0.01, 0.05, 0.1 mg·kg(-1) ) and p.o. (10, 20, 40 mg·kg(-1) ) nalmefene dose-dependently reduced alcohol-reinforced responding by up to 50.3%. This effect of nalmefene was not dependent on alcohol concentration (10, 15, 20%). Cocaine potentiated alcohol responding by approximately 40% and nalmefene (0.05 mg·kg(-1) ) reversed this effect of cocaine. Alcohol increased Hdac gene expression in blood and nalmefene prevented the increases in Hdacs 3, 8, 5, 7, 9, 6 and 10. In the other tissues, alcohol and nalmefene either did not alter the gene expression of Hdacs, as in the prefrontal cortex, or a tissue-Hdac-specific effect was observed. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Nalmefene might be effective as a treatment for alcohol-dependent patients who also use cocaine. Also, the expression of Hdacs in peripheral blood might be useful as a biomarker of alcohol use and drug response. |
Abstract:
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This work was supported by The European Foundation for Alcohol Research (to J.A.L.M., F.R.d.F., R.M. and R.N.), the Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria (Red de Trastornos Adictivos, FEDER, RD12/0028/0015 to J.A.L.M., RD12/0028/001 to F.R.d.F., RD12/0028/023 to R.M., RD12/0028/0014 to
R.N.) and Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (SAF2011-26818 to J.A.L.M.). |
Rights:
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info:eu-repo/semantics/embargoedAccess
This is the pre-peer reviewed version of the following article: Calleja-Conde J, Echeverry-Alzate V, Giné E, Bühler KM, Nadal R, Maldonado R et al. Nalmefene is effective at reducing alcohol seeking, treating alcohol-cocaine interactions and reducing alcohol-induced histone deacetylases gene expression in blood. Br J Pharmacol. 2016 Aug; 173(16): 2490-505, which has been published in final form at
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.13526. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving |