dc.contributor.author |
Mortamais, Marion |
dc.contributor.author |
Pujol Martí, Jesús, 1981- |
dc.contributor.author |
van Drooge, Barend L. |
dc.contributor.author |
Macià, Dídac |
dc.contributor.author |
Martínez-Vilavella, Gerard |
dc.contributor.author |
Reynes, Christelle |
dc.contributor.author |
Sabatier, Robert |
dc.contributor.author |
Rivas, Ioar |
dc.contributor.author |
Grimalt Obrador, Joan |
dc.contributor.author |
Forns i Guzman, Joan, 1981- |
dc.contributor.author |
Álvarez Pedrerol, Mar |
dc.contributor.author |
Querol, Xavier |
dc.contributor.author |
Sunyer Deu, Jordi |
dc.date |
2017 |
dc.identifier.citation |
Mortamais M, Pujol Martí J, van Drooge BL, Macià D, Martínez-Vilavella G, Reynes C et al. Effect of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on basal ganglia and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms in primary school children. Environment International. 2017; 105: 12-19. DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2017.04.011 |
dc.identifier.citation |
0160-4120 |
dc.identifier.citation |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2017.04.011 |
dc.identifier.uri |
http://hdl.handle.net/10230/32523 |
dc.format |
application/pdf |
dc.language.iso |
eng |
dc.publisher |
Elsevier |
dc.relation |
Environment International. 2017; 105: 12-19 |
dc.relation |
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/FP7/268479 |
dc.rights |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ |
dc.rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
dc.rights |
© 2017 Mortamais M, et al. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/BY-NC-ND/4.0/). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2017.04.011 |
dc.subject |
Air pollution |
dc.subject |
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons |
dc.subject |
Structural neuroimaging |
dc.subject |
Basal ganglia |
dc.subject |
Caudate nucleus |
dc.subject |
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder |
dc.title |
Effect of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on basal ganglia and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms in primary school children |
dc.type |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
dc.type |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.description.abstract |
Background: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been proposed as environmental risk factors for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The effects of these pollutants on brain structures potentially involved in the pathophysiology of ADHD are unknown. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of PAHs on basal ganglia volumes and ADHD symptoms in school children. Methods: We conducted an imaging study in 242 children aged 8–12 years, recruited through a set of representative schools of the city of Barcelona, Spain. Indoor and outdoor PAHs and benzo[a]pyrene (BPA) levels were assessed in the school environment, one year before the MRI assessment. Whole-brain volumes and basal ganglia volumes (caudate nucleus, globus pallidus, putamen) were derived from structural MRI scans using automated tissue segmentation. ADHD symptoms (ADHD/DSM-IV Scales, American Psychiatric Association 2002) were reported by teachers, and inattentiveness was evaluated with standard error of hit reaction time in the attention network computer-based test. Results: Total PAHs and BPA were associated with caudate nucleus volume (CNV) (i.e., an interquartile range increase in BPA outdoor level (67 pg/m3) and indoor level (76 pg/m3) was significantly linked to a decrease in CNV (mm3) (β = − 150.6, 95% CI [− 259.1, − 42.1], p = 0.007, and β = − 122.4, 95% CI [− 232.9, − 11.8], p = 0.030 respectively) independently of intracranial volume, age, sex, maternal education and socioeconomic vulnerability index at home). ADHD symptoms and inattentiveness increased in children with higher exposure to BPA, but these associations were not statistically significant. Conclusions: Exposure to PAHs, and in particular to BPA, is associated with subclinical changes on the caudate nucleus, even below the legislated annual target levels established in the European Union. The behavioral consequences of this induced brain change were not identified in this study, but given the caudate nucleus involvement in many crucial cognitive and behavior processes, this volume reduction is concerning for the children's neurodevelopment. |
dc.description.abstract |
This work was supported by the European Research Council under the ERC [grant number 268479]—the BREATHE project. The Agency of University and Research Funding Management of the Catalonia Government participated in the context of Research Group SGR2014-1673. We also thank the Caixa Foundation for their financial support in the PAHs analyses. |