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In this paper, the potential of industrial waste heat for heating and cooling applications is investigated.
Therefore, heat transformation technologies are presented and their technical and economic potential
are discussed. First, different industrial processes and their operating temperatures are presented as possible
waste heat sources as well as low temperature processes, which can be supplied with waste heat.
Then, a general economic analysis is performed for three different cases of waste heat use: an absorption
chiller producing cold and heat production with a compression and an absorption heat pump. The maximum
acceptable investment cost for each technology is estimated and compared with the current
investment cost depending on the operating hours of the system. For this, three different consumer types,
Enthusiast, Real Estate and Industry, are defined to represent different expectations in interest rate, payback
period and the resulting annuity factor. Instead of judging if a technology is profitable or not, it is
calculated how much the system is allowed to cost in order to be competitive for certain operating hours.
Combined with present day cost of the technology, this serves as a rough judgment of the market deployment
process. Finally, a sensitivity analysis of the initial assumptions for the economic analysis is performed,
revealing a strong influence of the annuity factor. For the present day technology cost,
absorption chillers were found to be profitable for two of the three consumer types when operated for
at least 2500 h per year. Electric heat pumps are profitable for all consumer types when exceeding
4000 operating hours per year while absorption heat pumps start at 3000 h of operation per year to be
profitable for all consumer types.
This work was partially funded by BMWi the German Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology (project FKZ 0327383B Mobile Sorption Heat Storage) and the Spanish government (project ENE2011-22722). The authors would also like to thank the Catalan Government for the quality accreditation given to their research group GREA (2014 SGR 123). Sarah Brückner would like to thank Stiftung der Deutschen Wirtschaft for her research fellow-ship. Selina Liu would like to thank DAAD for her internship fellowship within the RISE Program. Laia Miró would like to thank the Spanish Government for her research fellowship (BES-2012-051861). |
