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Autor/a:
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Mesa-Arango, Ana Cecilia; Trevijano Contador, Nuria; Román, Elvira; Sánchez Fresneda, Ruth; Casas Herranz, Celia; Herrero Perpiñán, Enrique; Argüelles, Juan Carlos; Pla, Jesús; Cuenca-Estrella, Manuel; Zaragoza, Oscar
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Notas:
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Amphotericin B (AMB) is an antifungal drug that binds to ergosterol and forms pores at the cell membrane, causing the loss of ions. In addition, AMB induces the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and although these molecules have multiple deleterious effects on fungal cells, their specific role in the action mechanism of AMB remains unknown. In this work, we studied the role of ROS in the action mechanism of AMB. We determined the intracellular induction of ROS in 44 isolates of different pathogenic yeast species (Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis, Candida glabrata, Candida tropicalis, Candida krusei, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Cryptococcus gattii). We also characterized the production of ROS in AMB-resistant isolates. We found that AMB induces the formation of ROS in all the species tested. The inhibition of the mitochondrial respiratory chain by rotenone blocked the induction of ROS by AMB and provided protection from the killing action of the antifungal. Moreover, this phenomenon was absent in strains that displayed resistance to AMB. These strains showed an alteration in the respiration rate and mitochondrial membrane potential and also had higher catalase activity than that of the AMB-susceptible strains. Consistently, AMB failed to induce protein carbonylation in the resistant strains. Our data demonstrate that the production of ROS by AMB is a universal and important action mechanism that is correlated with the fungicidal effect and might explain the low rate of resistance to the molecule. Finally, these data provide an opportunity to design new strategies to improve the efficacy of this antifungal.
This work has been partially funded by a noncompetitive grant by Gilead. A.C.M.-A. has been supported by fellowships from the Fundación Carolina and Instituto de Salud Carlos III. O.Z. is funded by grant SAF2011- 25140 from the Spanish Ministry for Economics and Competitivity. M.C.-E. has received grant support from Astellas Pharma, bioMérieux, Gilead Sciences, Merck Sharp and Dohme, Pfizer, Schering-Plough, Soria Melguizo SA, Ferrer International, the European Union, theALBAN program, the Spanish Agency for International Cooperation, the Spanish Ministry of Culture and Education, the Spanish Health Research Fund, the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, the Ramon Areces Foundation, and the Mutua Madrileña Foundation. He has also been an advisor/consultant to the Panamerican Health Organization, Astellas Pharma, Gilead Sciences, Merck Sharp and Dohme, Pfizer, and Schering-Plough, and he has been paid as a speaker by Gilead Sciences, Merck Sharp and Dohme, Pfizer, Astellas Pharma, and Schering Plough. O.Z. has been paid as a speaker by Gilead. |
