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Notes:
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Se han cumplido 25 años del inicio del programa de forestación de tierras agrarias con motivo de la reforma de la Política Agrícola Comunitaria (PAC) en 1992. El objetivo de este estudio es realizar un análisis global, a nivel de Comunidad Autónoma, que permita identificar los elementos más característicos del programa, como paso previo a futuros análisis más detallados. A partir del conocimiento del marco normativo se analiza la superficie forestada, las especies utilizadas, el tipo de tierras forestadas y su superficie media. La superficie total forestada ha superado las 730 mil hectáreas, lo que implica que ha sido el programa de mayor impacto en España de ayudas a la repoblación a los propietarios particulares. Castilla y León ha forestado el 35% de la superficie total . El 65% de esta superficie se forestó en el periodo 1993-99 y solo un 8% a partir de 2007. El comportamiento de la superficie forestada por cada Comunidad Autónoma, en el periodo 1993-99, ha mostrado una relación con la superficie total de cultivos existentes en cada comunidad al inicio del programa. El 15% de la superficie forestada fue con especies de crecimiento rápido, el 50% de masas monoespecíficas de especies de crecimiento lento, con un equilibro entre el uso de coníferas y frondosas y el resto correspondió a masas mixtas con un predominio de frondosas. Las tierras forestadas correspondieron, mayoritariamente, a cultivos herbáceos de secano o a eriales a pastos. La superficie media fue de 12 hectáreas, con una gran variabilidad entre Comunidades Autónomas.
Twenty-five years have passed since the beginning of the afforestation of agricultural lands program, in 1992, resulting from the reform of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). The objective of this study is to carry out a thorough analysis by Spanish Autonomous Communities, allowing for identifying the key features of that program, as a preliminary step to further in-depth analysis and research. Based on the knowledge of the regulatory framework, we analyze the forested area, the species used, the type of forested land and the average forested area. The total forested area has exceeded 730 thousand hectares. Sixty five percent of this area was afforested during the period 1993-99, and only 8% from 2007 onwards. The trend of the afforested area by Autonomous Community during the period 1993-99 was related to the total area of existing crops in each Autonomous Community at the beginning of the program. Thus, Castilla y León region has afforested 35% of the total afforested area. Fast-growing species represented 15% of the total afforested land in Spain, while monospecific stands of slow-growing species represented 50% of the total afforested area, with a balanced use of conifers and hardwoods, and the rest corresponded to mixed stands with hardwoods as predominant species. The afforested lands were mostly areas previously devoted to arable crops or uncultivated lands for pastures. The average afforested area was 12 hectares, with great variability between Autonomous Communities. The afforestation of agricultural lands has been the program with the greatest impact in Spain in terms of support to the afforestation of private ownerships. The outcomes of this program have been very heterogeneous among different Spanish regions and, so far, they have been poorly documented and studied. Further research is therefore needed. |
