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Title:
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Predicting the spatial and temporal dynamics of species interactions in Fagus sylvatica and Pinus sylvestris forests across Europe
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Author:
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Forrester, David I.; Ammer, Christian; Annighöfer, P.; Avdagic, A.; Barbeito, I.; Bielak, Kamil; Brazaitis, G.; Coll Mir, Lluís; del Río, Miren; Drössler, L.; Heym, Michael; Hurt, V.; Löf, Magnus; Matović, Bratislav; Meloni, Fabio; den Ouden, Jan; Pach, Maciej; Pereira, M.G.; Ponette, Quentin; Pretzsch, Hans; Skrzyszewski, J.; Stojanović, Dejan; Svoboda, M.; Ruiz-Peinado, Ricardo; Vacchiano, Giorgio; Verheyen, Kris; Zlatanov, Tzvetan; Bravo-Oviedo, A.
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Notes:
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The productivity and functioning of mixed-species forests often differs from that of monocultures. However, the magnitude and direction of these differences are difficult to predict because species interactions can be modified by many potentially interacting climatic and edaphic conditions, stand structure and previous management. Process-based forest growth models could potentially be used to disentangle the effects of these factors and thereby improve our understanding of mixed forest functioning while facilitating their design and silvicultural management. However, to date, the predicted mixing effects of forest growth models have not been compared with measured mixing effects. In this study, 26 sites across Europe, each containing a mixture and monocultures of Fagus sylvatica and Pinus sylvestris, were used to calculate mixing effects on growth and yield and compare them with the mixing effects predicted by the forest growth model 3-PGmix. The climate and edaphic conditions, stand structures and ages varied greatly between sites. The model performed well when predicting the stem mass and total mass (and mixing effects on these components), with model efficiency that was usually >0.7. The model efficiency was lower for growth or smaller components such as foliage mass and root mass. The model was also used to predict how mixing effects would change along gradients in precipitation, temperature, potential available soil water, age, thinning intensity and soil fertility. The predicted patterns were consistent with measurements of mixing effects from published studies. The 3-PG model is a widely used management tool for monospecific stands and this study shows that 3-PGmix can be used to examine the dynamics of mixed-species stands and determine how they may need to be managed.
This article is based upon work from COST Action EuMIXFOR, supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology). Funding for the Czech Republic site was provided by the MŠMT projects COST CZ – LD14063 and LD14074. All contributors thank their national funding institutions and the forest owners for agreeing to establish the plots and to measure and analyse data from the plots. The first author was funded by a Heisenberg Fellowship (FO 791/4-1) from the German Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG). Mário Pereira was supported by European Investment Funds by FEDER/COMPETE/POCI– Operacional Competitiveness and Internacionalization Programme, under Project POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006958 and National Funds by FCT – Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology, under the project UID/AGR/04033/2013 as well as by project Interact-Integrative Research in Environment, Agro-Chain and Technology, NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000017, research line BEST, co-financed by FEDER/NORTE 2020. |
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Subject(s):
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-Biodiversity
-Climate
-Forest growth model
-Mixed-species
-Silviculture |
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Rights:
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cc-by-nc-nd (c) Elsevier, 2017
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
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Document type:
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Article
Article - Accepted version |
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Published by:
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Elsevier
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