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Title:	Induction of ER stress in response to oxygen-glucose deprivation of cortical cultures involves the activation of the PERK and IRE-1 pathways and of caspase-12
Author:	Badiola, Nahuai; Penas, Clara; Miñano Molina, Alfredo Jesús; Barneda-Zahonero, Bruna; Fadó Andrés, Rut; Sánchez-Opazo, G.; Comella, Joan X.; Sabrià, Josefa; Zhu, Chuanshuai; Blomgren, Klas; Casas, Caty; Rodríguez-Álvarez, José
Notes:	Disturbance of calcium homeostasis and accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are considered contributory components of cell death after ischemia. However, the signal-transducing events that are activated by ER stress after cerebral ischemia are incompletely understood. In this study, we show that caspase-12 and the PERK and IRE pathways are activated following oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) of mixed cortical cultures or neonatal hypoxia–ischemia (HI). Activation of PERK led to a transient phosphorylation of eIF2a, an increase in ATF4 levels and the induction of gadd34 (a subunit of an eIF2adirected phosphatase). Interestingly, the upregulation of ATF4 did not lead to an increase in the levels of CHOP. Additionally, IRE1 activation was mediated by the increase in the processed form of xbp1, which would be responsible for the observed expression of edem2 and the increased levels of the chaperones GRP78 and GRP94. We were also able to detect caspase-12 proteolysis after HI or OGD. Processing of procaspase-12 was mediated by NMDA receptor and calpain activation. Moreover, our data suggest that caspase-12 activation is independent of the unfolded protein response activated by ER stress.
Subject(s):	-Cervell -Isquèmia -Apoptosi -Reticle endoplasmàtic -Cultius cel·lulars -Neurones -Sistema nerviós -- Degeneració -Cerebro -Isquemia -Apoptosis -Neuronas -Sistema nervioso -- Degeneración -Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress -Apoptosis -Ischemia -Cell culture -Brain -Nervous system
Rights:	Cell Death and Disease is an open-access journal published by Nature Publishing Group. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/
Document type:	Article Article - Accepted version
Published by:	Springer Nature
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