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Title:	Numerical computation of the electromagnetic bias in GNSS-R altimetry
Author:	Ghavidel, Ali; Schiavulli, Domenico; Camps Carmona, Adriano José
Other authors:	Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Teoria del Senyal i Comunicacions; Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. RSLAB - Grup de Recerca en Teledetecció
Abstract:	In radar altimetry, the electromagnetic (EM) bias is originated by the smaller reflectivity of wave crests than troughs; thus, the average sea surface height is underestimated. Bias uncertainty is currently the largest factor in altimetry error budgets. The EM bias in a bistatic forward-scattering configuration at L-band, such as in Global Navigation Satellite Systems Reflectometry (GNSS-R) altimetry, remains one of the major sources of uncertainty in the altimetry error budget. In this paper, the EM bias is computed using numerical simulations. To do so, a time-dependent synthetic non-Gaussian sea surface is created using the Pierson-Moskowitz and Elfouhaily sea surface height spectra and spreading function. The sea surface is then discretized in facets and
Abstract:	Peer Reviewed
Subject(s):	-Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Enginyeria de la telecomunicació::Radiocomunicació i exploració electromagnètica::Teledetecció -Àrees temàtiques de la UPC::Enginyeria agroalimentària::Ciències de la terra i de la vida -Remote sensing -Altitudes -- Measurement -Electromagnetic bias -Global Navigation Satellite Systems-Reflectometry (GNSS-R) -Ocean altimetry -Scattering -Surface tange measurements -Sea-state bias -Rough-surface -Ocean surface -Hydrodynamic modulation -Scattering -Waves -Backscattering -Satellite -Elevation -Teledetecció -Altituds -- Mesurament
Rights:	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/es/
Document type:	Article - Submitted version Article
Published by:	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
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