Calpain activation and CaMKIV reduction in spinal cords from hSOD1G93A mouse model

Abstract

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), a severe neurodegenerative disease, affects the upper and lower motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord. In some studies, ALS disease progression has been associatedwith an increase in calcium-dependent degeneration processes.Motoneurons are specifically vulnerable to sustained membrane depolarization and excessive elevation of intracellular calcium concentration. The present study analyzed intracellular events in embryonic motoneurons and adult spinal cords of the hSOD1G93A ALS mouse model. We observed activation of calpain, a calcium-dependent cysteine protease that degrades a variety of substrates, and a reduction in calcium–calmodulin dependent protein kinase type IV (CaMKIV) levels in protein extracts fromspinal cords obtained at several time-points of hSOD1G93A mice disease progression. However, in cultured embryonic motoneurons these differences between controls and hSOD1G93A mutants are not evident. Our results support the hypothesis that age-dependent changes in calcium homeostasis and resulting events, e.g., calpain activation and CaMKIV processing, are involved in ALS pathogenesis

This work was supported by grants fromtheGENAME (Defining Targets for Therapeutics in SMA) to RMS; from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias [PI11-01047],Generalitat de Catalunya [SGR740], and Consolider-Ingenio 2010 [CSD2007-00020] to RMS. ORN holds a fellowship from the Comissionat de Universitats i Recerca, Departament d'Innovació, Universitats i Empresa de la Generalitat de Catalunya, and Fons Social Europeu. We thank Elaine Lilly, Ph.D. (Writer's First Aid), for the English language revision of the manuscript.