Soluble TWEAK and atheromatosis progression in patients with chronic kidney disease

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Circulating soluble TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis (sTWEAK) concentrations are related to the presence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, there are no data regarding the potential association between sTWEAK and atheromatosis progression in patients free of cardiovascular events. METHODS: Soluble TWEAK serum concentration was measured in 702 CKD patients without any previous CV event from The National Observatory of Atherosclerosis in Nephrology (NEFRONA) Study. B-mode ultrasound was performed to detect the presence of carotid and/or femoral atherosclerotic plaques. The association between sTWEAK levels, atherosclerotic burden (number of plaques) and atheromatosis progression (increase in the number of plaques) after 24 months of follow-up was analyzed. RESULTS: A continuous decrease in sTWEAK concentrations, with an increase in the number of atherosclerotic plaques after 24 months of follow-up, was observed in the studied population. Multivariable linear regression analysis showed that age, blood pressure, HDL-c, and sTWEAK concentrations were independent predictors of atherosclerotic burden after 24 months of follow-up. In addition, sTWEAK concentrations diminished in CKD patients in whom progressive silent atherosclerosis was observed. Multivariable linear regression analysis showed that age, sex, smoking status and sTWEAK levels were independent predictors of atheromatosis progression after 24 months of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Lower sTWEAK concentrations are associated with atherosclerotic burden and atheromatosis progression in CKD patients free of clinical CVD. These data suggest that sTWEAK could serve as a biomarker to predict CV risk before clinical manifestations.

This work was supported by Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias (Programa I3-SNS to LMBC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias ISCiii/FEDER PI13/00395, PI14/00384, PI16/01419, RETICS RD12/0042/0038) and Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Cardiovascular Disease (CIBERCV) and in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Spain. The NEFRONA study is funded by a research grant from AbbVie and the Spanish goverment RETIC (RD12/0021/0026) and FIS PI13/01565