El fenómeno social del clientelismo en España

Abstract

Corruption scandals appear in all the countries and times. No one community has the capacity to resist corruption. It goes without saying, almost, that corruption is everywhere. It occurs at all levels of society, from local and national governments. Once we say this, we know that there are big differences among societies. In someone, people understand it, consider corruption as a habit and a part of our lives; has a positive value and even admire it, to the point that corrupt people are not punish he enough; while, in other societies tolerance with corruption is almost absent, Society does not accept this behavior. Nowadays Spain is in a really difficult social, economic and political situation. The news about corruption scandals appear continuously and people feel seriously as tonished and painfully socked. Corruption looks like being firmly fixed in our social and cultural structures. In this article we attempt to approach a sort of corruption of low intensity; the habitual extortion of bribes by the ones in the position of some power, clientship practices, through a documentary review. In Spain there is a close relationship between the long untouchable elites and the Spanish political class, with the members of the political parties, attached to, friends and relatives. All these elites make webs of clients, where the politicians get support and the economic class their benefits. On the otherhand, the citizens obtain something in return: a job, even for you or someone close to you, some sort of States subsidy, a grantor some special help. Everyone isacting to one's own advantage, leaving apart large segments of society. These citizens out of those client ship group have usually difficulties to gain admittance to some services, jobs, some sort of help

La corrupción aparece en todos los países y momentos históricos. Ninguna comunidad es inmune a esta realidad. Hecha esta afirmación, existen diferencias importantes entre sociedades. En algunas se puede comprender, valorar, admirar y no castigar suficientemente al corrupto; en cambio, en otras la tolerancia es mínima. La sociedad no acepta este tipo de actos. Actualmente España se encuentra en una situación social, económica y política muy difícil. Continuamente aparecen en los medios de comunicación hechos graves que escandalizan a los ciudadanos. Parece que la corrupción está incrustada en la estructura social y cultural. En este artículo, a través de una revisión documental, abordamos un tipo de corrupción de baja intensidad, el clientelismo. En España existe una relación estrecha entre políticos y afiliados, amigos, allegados y conocidos. Las élites construyen redes clientelares, donde los políticos reciben apoyos y los ciudadanos contratos de trabajo, ayudas, subvenciones. Ambas partes salen beneficiadas, contra un grupo significativo que no participa y está al margen. Estos tienen muchas dificultades para acceder a determinados servicios, trabajos, y ayudas.