Compositional, structural and functional cuticle analysis of Prunus laurocerasus L. sheds light on cuticular barrier plasticity

Abstract

Barrier properties of the hydrophobic plant cuticle depend on its physicochemical composition. The cuticular compounds vary considerably among plant species but also among organs and tissues of the same plant and throughout developmental stages. As yet, these intraspecific modifications at the cuticular wax and cutin level are only rarely examined. Attempting to further elucidate cuticle profiles, we analysed the adaxial and abaxial surfaces of the sclerophyllous leaf and three developmental stages of the drupe fruit of Prunus laurocerasus, an evergreen model plant native to temperate regions. According to gas chromatographic analyses, the cuticular waxes contained primarily pentacyclic triterpenoids dominated by ursolic acid, whereas the cutin biopolyester mainly consisted of 9/10,ω-dihydroxy hexadecanoic acid. Distinct organ- and side-specific patterns were found for cuticular lipid loads, compositions and carbon chain length distributions. Compositional variations led to different structural and functional barrier properties of the plant cuticle, which were investigated further microscopically, infrared spectroscopically and gravimetrically. The minimum water conductance was highlighted at 1 × 10−5 m s−1 for the perennial, hypostomatous P. laurocerasus leaf and at 8 × 10−5 m s−1 for the few-month-living, stomatous fruit suggesting organ-specific cuticular barrier demands.

Aline Xavier de Souza is a recipient of a doctoral fellowship from the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq). Clara Diarte is recipient of a pre-doctoral fellowship from Universitat de Lleida (UdL). This work was carried out in the frame of a research stay at the University of Würzburg supported by an Erasmus + scholarship (Campus Iberus, Spain) and by grant AGL2015-64235-R (MINECO/FEDER, Spain).