Needs of Energy Storage to Supply the Urban Services in Peripheral Areas. Approach to Sustainability Cities

Abstract

The energy transition towards the change of the current energy model into a new distributed model based on renewable energies is a growing public demand in a social environment. To ensure that cities and human settlements are inclusive and sustainable, it is necessary to bring shared self-consumption into their industrial states, where normally most city’s energy is consumed. Nevertheless, current laws in most countries, such as Portugal or Spain, does not exploit shared self-consumption in full potential nor do they know the methodology to apply and carry out the energy transition model in cities. This thesis will present an optimization problem of shared energy for applying in industrial states of cities based on the study of the electricity and water consumption pattern of enterprises and the use of shared self-consumption combined with a hybrid system (PATs and PV Solar), with the aim of reducing the total bill of every energy community during the year. This optimization is not only in the energy storage systems, but is important in water distribution networks as well. These pipes consume large amounts of water resources that need to be recovered energetically, using innovative solutions as small and micro-hydropower systems (particularly pump working as micro-turbine). The final scenario and analysis showed interesting values related to environmental reductions of CO2 emissions and economic indicators. Consequently, according to the criteria developed in this research project and the results obtained from the analysed models, the first step would be to use On-Grid systems for the industrial energy communities with the highest consumption and for those that generate less, Off-Grid systems.