dc.description.abstract
This Master’s thesis explores the integration of renewable energy into residential cooling systems through a case study involving a photovoltaic (PV) array, battery energy storage, and an inverter-based air conditioning system. The main objective is to assess the technical, economic, and environmental feasibility of a PV-powered cooling solution with battery support under realistic operating conditions in a Mediterranean climate (Barcelona). A detailed dynamic model of the integrated system was developed in Python, incorporating real hourly solar irradiance and cooling demand profiles. The simulation evaluates energy flows, system control logic, and battery operation to quantify self-consumption, self-sufficiency, and grid interaction. Thermodynamic and exergy analyses were conducted to identify inefficiencies within the cooling cycle, while an economic evaluation was performed using Net Present Value (NPV), Payback Period, and Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE). Results show that the system can supply up to 67% of the annual cooling energy using on-site solar generation, with a self-consumption ratio of 83%. Exergy analysis identifies the compressor as the main source of thermodynamic losses. Economically, the system achieves near break-even performance over a 20-year horizon, with a simple payback of ~13 years and an LCOE of ~€0.20/kWh—roughly equal to the retail electricity tariff. Environmental analysis indicates a CO₂ emissions reduction of ~18.4 tonnes over 20 years. In conclusion, while the system is only marginally profitable under current costs, it delivers significant sustainability benefits and is likely to become financially attractive with future battery cost reductions or policy incentives. The results support the adoption of PV–battery–cooling systems as a step toward low-carbon and resilient residential energy systems.
