Title:
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The global burden attributable to low bone mineral density
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Author:
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Sànchez Riera, Lídia; Carnahan, E.; Vos, T.; Veerman, L.; Norman, R.; Lim, S. S.; Hoy, D.; Smith, E.; Wilson, N.; Nolla Solé, Joan Miquel; Chen, J. S.; Macara. M.; Kamalaraj, N.; Li, Y.; Kok, C.; Santos-Hernández, C.; March, Lyn
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Other authors:
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Universitat de Barcelona |
Abstract:
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Introduction: The Global Burden of Disease Study 2010 estimated the worldwide health burden of 291 diseases and injuries and 67 risk factors by calculating disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Osteoporosis was not considered as a disease, and bone mineral density (BMD) was analysed as a risk factor for fractures, which formed part of the health burden due to falls. Objectives: To calculate (1) the global distribution of BMD, (2) its population attributable fraction (PAF) for fractures and subsequently for falls, and (3) the number of DALYs due to BMD. Methods: A systematic review was performed seeking population-based studies in which BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at the femoral neck in people aged 50 years and over. Age- and sex-specific mean ± SD BMD values (g/cm2) were extracted from eligible studies. Comparative risk assessment methodology was used to calculate PAFs of BMD for fractures. The theoretical minimum risk exposure distribution was estimated as the age- and sex-specific 90th centile from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). Relative risks of fractures were obtained from a previous meta-analysis. Hospital data were used to calculate the fraction of the health burden of falls that was due to fractures. Results: Global deaths and DALYs attributable to low BMD increased from 103 000 and 3 125 000 in 1990 to 188 000 and 5 216 000 in 2010, respectively. The percentage of low BMD in the total global burden almost doubled from 1990 (0.12%) to 2010 (0.21%). Around one-third of falls-related deaths were attributable to low BMD. Conclusions: Low BMD is responsible for a growing global health burden, only partially representative of the real burden of osteoporosis. |
Subject(s):
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-Osteoporosi -Malalties dels ossos -Densitometria òssia -Salut pública -Fractures -Ressenyes sistemàtiques (Investigació mèdica) -Osteoporosis -Bone diseases -Bone densitometry -Public health -Fractures -Systematic reviews (Medical research) |
Rights:
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(c) BMJ Publishing Group, 2014
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Document type:
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Article Article - Published version |
Published by:
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BMJ Publishing Group
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