This paper explores the moduli-dependent coefficients of higher-derivative interactions that appear in the low-energy expansion of the four-supergraviton amplitude of maximally supersymmetric string theory compactified on a d torus. These automorphic functions are determined for terms up to order ∂ 6 R 4 and various values of d by imposing a variety of consistency conditions. They satisfy Laplace eigenvalue equations with or without source terms, whose solutions are given in terms of Eisenstein series, or more general automorphic functions, for certain parabolic subgroups of the relevant U -duality groups. The ultraviolet divergences of the corresponding supergravity field theory limits are encoded in various logarithms, although the string theory expressions are finite. This analysis includes intriguing representations of S L ( d ) and S O ( d , d ) Eisenstein series in terms of toroidally compactified one and two-loop string and supergravity amplitudes.