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Título:	Ykl-40 in the brain and cerebrospinal fluid of neurodegenerative dementias
Autor/a:	Llorens Torres, Franc; Thune, Katrin; Tahir, Waqas; Kanata, Eirini; Diaz-Lucena, Daniela; Xanthopoulos, Konstantinos; Kovatsi, Eleni; Pleschka, Catharina; Garcia Esparcia, Paula; Schmitz, Matthias; Ozbay, Duru; Correia, Susana; Correia, Ângela; Milosevic, Ira; Andreoletti, Olivier; Fernández Borges, Natalia; Vorberg, Ina M.; Glatzel, Markus; Sklaviadis, Theodoros; Torres, Juan Maria; Krasemann, Susanne; Sánchez del Valle Díaz, Raquel; Ferrer, Isidro (Ferrer Abizanda); Zerr, Inga
Notas:	Background: YKL-40 (also known as Chitinase 3-like 1) is a glycoprotein produced by inflammatory, cancer and stem cells. Its physiological role is not completely understood but YKL-40 is elevated in the brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in several neurological and neurodegenerative diseases associated with inflammatory processes. Yet the precise characterization of YKL-40 in dementia cases is missing. Methods: In the present study, we comparatively analysed YKL-40 levels in the brain and CSF samples from neurodegenerative dementias of different aetiologies characterized by the presence of cortical pathology and disease-specific neuroinflammatory signatures. Results: YKL-40 was normally expressed in fibrillar astrocytes in the white matter. Additionally YKL-40 was highly and widely expressed in reactive protoplasmic cortical and perivascular astrocytes, and fibrillar astrocytes in sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD). Elevated YKL-40 levels were also detected in Alzheimer's disease (AD) but not in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). In AD, YKL-40-positive astrocytes were commonly found in clusters, often around beta-amyloid plaques, and surrounding vessels with beta-amyloid angiopathy; they were also distributed randomly in the cerebral cortex and white matter. YKL-40 overexpression appeared as a pre-clinical event as demonstrated in experimental models of prion diseases and AD pathology. CSF YKL-40 levels were measured in a cohort of 288 individuals, including neurological controls (NC) and patients diagnosed with different types of dementia. Compared to NC, increased YKL-40 levels were detected in sCJD (p < 0.001, AUC = 0.92) and AD (p < 0.001, AUC = 0.77) but not in vascular dementia (VaD) (p > 0.05, AUC = 0.71) or in DLB/Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD) (p > 0.05, AUC = 0.70). Further, two independent patient cohorts were used to validate the increased CSF YKL-40 levels in sCJD. Additionally, increased YKL-40 levels were found in genetic prion diseases associated with the PRNP-D178N (Fatal Familial Insomnia) and PRNP-E200K mutations. Conclusions: Our results unequivocally demonstrate that in neurodegenerative dementias, YKL-40 is a disease-specific marker of neuroinflammation showing its highest levels in prion diseases. Therefore, YKL-40 quantification might have a potential for application in the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in dementias with a neuroinflammatory component.
Materia(s):	-Malalties neurodegeneratives -Glicoproteïnes -Neurodegenerative diseases -Glycoproteins
Derechos:	cc by (c) Llorens et al., 2017 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/
Tipo de documento:	Artículo Artículo - Versión publicada
Editor:	BioMed Central
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