dc.description.abstract
Background: In recent decades, the use of plastic in our society has grown exponentially
thanks to its practical properties in our daily lives. Unfortunately, these characteristics
also bring certain disadvantages, such as its great durability. Consequently, inefficient
recycling management leads to its accumulation in the environment, which slowly
degrades into microplastics. In addition to the environmental consequences, the impacts
on human health due to constant exposure are also significant.
Recent evidence demonstrates the presence of microplastics and nanoplastics in air,
water, and the food chain. Once they are absorbed by the human body, primarily through
ingestion and inhalation, these particles can cross biological barriers, such as the alveolar
and intestinal linings. This is especially relevant, as increased intestinal permeability (the
"leaky gut" theory) has been identified as a critical factor in triggering systemic
autoimmunity.
Several studies indicate that microplastics induce innate immune responses, characterized
by oxidative stress, macrophage activation, and the production of pro-inflammatory
cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β. They also act as "Trojan horses” by serving as
vectors for hazardous chemical additives (like phthalates, bisphenols) and environmental
contaminants (like pesticides), exacerbating chronic inflammatory processes.
Rheumatoid arthritis is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by chronic synovitis
and joint destruction, driven by the same mediators (TNF-α and IL-6) that are activated
upon microplastic exposure. Like the pathogenic role of tobacco smoke, which triggers
inflammation and loss of self-tolerance in the lungs, the cumulative burden of
microplastics may represent a novel and underestimated environmental risk factor for
disease activity and inflammatory flares in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Objectives: The main objective is to compare the concentration and composition of
polymers in biological samples between patients diagnosed with Rheumatoid arthritis and
healthy controls. The secondary objectives include investigating the correlation between
polymers levels and disease severity, as measured by indices such as DAS28-ESR,
DAS28-CRP, CDAI, SDAI, ESR and CRP. Additionally, the study aims to analyze
whether specific characteristics of the polymers (size, shape, or chemical composition)
are associated with higher degrees of joint destruction or functional disability. Finally evaluate the influence of environmental and lifestyle factors, such as occupation, diet, use
of plastic packaging, on polymers load and inflammatory activity
