Symbolic techniques based on BDDs (Binary Decision Diagrams) have emerged as an efficient strategy for the analysis of Petri nets. The existing techniques for the symbolic encoding of each marking use a fixed set of variables per place, leading to encoding schemes with very low density. This drawback has been previously mitigated by using Zero-Suppressed BDDs, that provide a typical reduction of BDD sizes by a factor of two. Structural Petri net theory provides P-invariants that help to derive more efficient encoding schemes for the BDD representations of markings. P-invariants also provide a mechanism to identify conservative upper bounds for the reachable markings. The unreachable markings determined by the upper bound can be used to alleviate both the calculation of the exact reachability set and the scrutiny of properties. Such approach allows to drastically decrease the number of variables for marking encoding and reduce memory and CPU requirements significantly.

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