Comparison of finite element and finite difference modelling results with measured performance of a reinforced soil wall

Abstract

The performance of a metallic reinforced soil segmental retaining wall is examined in a systematic manner using two numerical modelling approaches. Finite element modelling was carried out using the commercial program PLAXIS and finite difference modelling using the commercial program FLAC. Numerical model results using both approaches were compared against measurements recorded for a well-instrumented full-scale 3.6-m high wall constructed with a sand backfill, modular-block facing, and steel reinforcement (welded wire mesh). This paper presents measured and predicted toe loads, facing displacements, and reinforcement connection loads at end of construction and during subsequent staged surcharge loading approaching failure. Both numerical models have been verified against recorded measurements. The sensitivity of the assigned backfill soil friction angle on the magnitude and distribution of reinforcement connection loads is also examined. The paper concludes with a summary of lessons learned to achieve satisfactory agreement between predicted performance and wall measurements using both modelling approaches.

Postprint (published version)