Use of a Digital Twin for Water Efficient Management in a Processing Tomato Commercial Farm

Abstract

The increasing pressure on water resources caused by agricultural intensification, the rising food demand and climate change requires new irrigation strategies that improve the sustainability and efficiency of agricultural production. The objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of the digital twin (DT), Irri_DesK, in a 15-hectare commercial processing tomatoes plot in Extremadura (Spain) over two growing seasons (2023 and 2024). Three irrigation strategies were compared: conventional farmer management, management based on a remote-sensing platform (Smart4Crops) and automated scheduling using Irri_DesK DT-integrated soil moisture sensors, climate data and simulation models to adjust irrigation doses daily. Results showed that the DT-based strategy allowed for the application of regulated deficit irrigation strategies while maintaining productivity or fruit quality. In 2023, it achieved an economic water efficiency of 284.81 EUR/mm with a yield of 140 t/ha using 413 mm of water. In 2024, it maintained high production levels (126 t/ha) under more challenging conditions of spatial variability. These results support the potential of DTs for improving irrigation management in water-limited environments.